Polygonatum biflorum melleum (Farw.) R.P.Ownbey (1944:399)
Smooth Solomon’s seal
Taxonomy & Nomenclature
Synonym/s: Polygonatum melleum Farw. in Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 20: 170 (1918)
Conservation Status
Extinct (Knapp et al., 2021; Christenhusz & Govaerts, 2024) or Invalid (synonym of P. biflorum) (POWO, 2024)
Last record: 1937 (Knapp et al., 2021; Christenhusz & Govaerts, 2024)
Distribution
Ontario, Canada & Michigan, USA
Biology & Ecology
Hypodigm
Media
References
Abbot, J. R., Campbell, C. S., Burgess, M. B., Cushman, K. R., Doucette, E. T. and Gilman, A. V. (2017). Rosaceae, the Rose Family. Online edition. R.F.C. Naczi, J.R. Abbott, and Collaborators, New Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada, compiled in 2016, 2017. NYBG Press, New York.
Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. and Govaerts, Rafaël. (2024). Plant extinction in the Anthropocene. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boae045 [Appendix S1]
Fernald, M. L. (1950). Gray's manual of botany, eighth (centennial) edition. Corrected printing, 1970. D. Van Nostrand Co., New York, N.Y. 1632 pp.
Gleason, H. A. and Cronquist, A. (1991). Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, second edition. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY.
Govaerts, R. H. A. (2011). World checklist of selected plant families published update Facilitated by the Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Knapp, Wesley M., Frances, Anne, Noss, Reed, Naczi, Robert F. C., Weakley, Alan, Gann, George D., Baldwin, Bruce G., Miller, James, McIntyre, Patrick, Mishler, Brent D., Moore, Gerry, Olmstead, Richard G., Strong, Anna, Kennedy, Kathryn, Heidel, Bonnie and Gluesenkamp, Daniel. (2021). Vascular plant extinction in the continental United States and Canada. Conservation Biology 35(1): 360-368. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13621 [Supporting Information (Appendix S1)]
POWO. (2024). Plants of the World Online (online resource). Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom. Available at: https://powo.science.kew.org/ [Accessed 22 August 2024]
Utech, F. H. (2002). Polygonatum, pp. 210-212. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+, Flora of North America North of Mexico. 19+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 8.
Voss, E. G. (1980). Michigan Flora. Part 1. Gymnosperms & Monocots. Bloomfield Hills, MI. 488pp
Voss, E. G. and Reznicek, A. A. (2012). Field Manual of Michigan Flora. Ann Arbor, MI. 990pp.