Torontoceros hypogaeus Churcher & Peterson, 1982

Taxonomy & Nomenclature

Conservation Status

Extinct if distinct (see Kessler et al., 2025 [preprint])

Last record: 11.3kya (Churcher & Peterson, 1982); Late Pleistocene (Kessler et al., 2025 [preprint])

Distribution & Habitat

Canada

Biology & Ecology

Hypodigm

ROMM75974 (Churcher & Peterson, 1982; Kessler et al., 2025 [preprint])

Media

References

Original scientific description:

Churcher, C. S. and Peterson, R. L. (1982). Chronologic and Environmental Implications of a New Genus of Fossil Deer from Late Wisconsin Deposits at Toronto, Canada. Quaternary Research 18(2): 184-195. [Abstract]

Other references:

Croitor, R. (2022). Paleobiogeography of Crown Deer. Earth 3: 1138-1160. doi:10.3390/earth3040066

Kessler, Camille, Haddrath, Oliver, Lim, Burton and Shafer, Aaron. (2025). Ancient DNA from the Toronto subway deer adds to the extinction list of North America's Ice Age megafauna. bioRxiv preprint. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.09.15.676284

Spiess, A. E., Curran, M. L. and Grimes, J. R. (1985). Caribou (Rangifer tarandus L.) Bones from New England Paleoindian Sites. North American Archaeologist 6: 145-159. doi:10.2190/JP8K-0V8F-HLPV-XWGN

http://torontoist.com/2012/04/prehistoric-toronto-the-torontoceros/

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