Nectophrynoides asperginis Poynton, Howell, Clarke & Lovett, 1999

Kihansi spray toad

Poynton, J.C., Howell, K.M., Clarke, B.T. and Lovett, J.C. (1999). A critically endangered new species of Nectophrynoides (Anura: Bufonidae) from the Kihansi Gorge, Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania. African Journal of Herpetology 1999: 59-67.

Other references:

Andreone, Franco et al. (2022). Threatened and extinct amphibians and reptiles in Italian natural history collections are useful conservation tools. Acta Herpetologica 17(1): 45-58. doi:10.36253/a_h-12349

Bal, Philip et al. (2020). A New Ectotherm 3D Tracking and Behavior Analytics System Using a Depth-based Approach with Color Validation, with Preliminary Data on Kihansi Spray Toad (Nectophrynoides asperginis) Activity. Herpetological Review 51(1): 37-46.

CBSG (IUCN/SSC). (2007). Kihansi Spray Toad (Nectophrynoides asperginis) Population and Habitat Viability Assessment: Briefing Book. CBSG, Apple Valley.

Channing, A., Finlow-Bates, K.S., Haarklau, S.E. and Hawkes, P.G. (2006). The biology and recent history of the Critically Endangered Kihansi Spray Toad Nectophrynoides asperginis in Tanzania. Journal of East African Natural History 95(2): 117-138.

Channing, A. and Howell, K.M. 2006. Amphibians of East Africa. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main.

Channing, A., Howell, K., Loader, S., Menegon, M. & Poynton, J. (2009). Nectophrynoides asperginis. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. . Downloaded on 16 February 2013.

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Krajick, K. (2006). The lost world of the Kihansi toad. Science 2006: 1230-1232.

Lee, S., Zippel, K., Ramos, L. and Searle, J. (2006). Captive-breeding programme for the Kihansi spray toad Nectophrynoides asperginis at the Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York. International Zoo Yearbook 40: 241-253.

Malago, Joshua J. (2019a). Histopathological Diagnosis of Diseases Affecting Amphibians Inhabiting Kihansi Gorge, Tanzania. Tanzania Journal of Science 45(4): 608-617.

Malago, Joshua J. (2019b). Some Histopathological Findings in Dead Kihansi Spray Toads in Captivity. Tanzania Journal of Science 45(4): 618-628.

Msuya, Charles A. and Mohamed, Nassoro. (2019). Reintroduction of the Kihansi Spray Toad Nectophrynoides asperginis Back to its Natural Habitat by Using Acclimatizing Cages. Tanzania Journal of Science 45(4): 570-583.

Nahonyo, Cuthbert L. (2019). Research Work and Conservation Initiatives in the Kihansi Catchment Ecosystem, Tanzania. Tanzania Journal of Science 45(4): 539-542.

Nahonyo, Cuthbert L., Goboro, Ezekiel M., Ngalason, Wilirk, Mutagwaba, Severinus, Ugomba, Richard S., Nassoro, Mohammed and Nkombe, Emmanuel S. (2017). Conservation efforts of Kihansi spray toad Nectophrynoides asperginis: its discovery, captive breeding, extinction in the wild and re-introduction. Tanz. J. Sci. 43(1): 23-35.

Ngalason, Wilirk et al. (2019). The Dynamics of Re-introduced Kihansi Spray Toad Nectophrynoides asperginis and other Amphibians in Kihansi Gorge, Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania. Tanzania Journal of Science 45(4): 584-598.

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Poynton, J. C. (2003). Altitudinal species turnover in southern Tanzania shown by anurans: some zoogeographical considerations. Systematics and Biodiversity 1: 117-126.

Poynton, J. C., Howell, K.M., Clarke, B.T. and Lovett, J.C. (1998). A critically endangered new species of Nectophrynoides (Anura: Bufonidae) from the Kihansi Gorge, Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania. African Journal of Herpetology [1998]: 59-67.

Quinn, C.H., Ndangalasi, H.J., Gerstle, J. and Lovett, J.C. (2005). Effect of the Lower Kihansi Hydropower Project and post-project mitigation measures on wetland vegetation in Kihansi Gorge, Tanzania. Biodiversity and Conservation 2005: 297-308.

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Rija, A. A., Goboro, E. M., Mwamende, K. A., Said, A., Kohi, E. M. and Hassan, S. N. (2014). Activity patterns and fine-scale resource partitioning in the gregarious Kihansi spray toad Nectophrynoides asperginis in captivity. Zoo Biol. doi: 10.1002/zoo.21163 [Abstract]

Shuter, Avishai D., Parsons, Michael H. and Sarno, Ronald J. (2016). Association of Male Inguinal Patch Size with Mate Assortment in the Kihansi Spray Toad, Nectophrynoides asperginis. Journal of Herpetology 50(2): 222-226.. https://doi.org/10.1670/15-078

Sigala, Atuhombye et al. (2021). Land Use Land Cover Changes and its Implication on the conservation of Re-introduced Kihansi Spay Toads (Nectophrynoides asperginis) in Kihansi Gorge-Tanzania. ResearchSquare preprint. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-961588/v1

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Vigdis Vandvik, Inger E. Måren, Henry J. Ndangalasi, James Taplin, Frank Mbago, and Jon C. Lovett. (2014). Back to Africa: monitoring post-hydropower restoration to facilitate reintroduction of an extinct-in-the-wild amphibian. Ecosphere 5(8): art95. [Abstract]

Video of them in captivity: http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2011/07/110722-kihansi-spray-toad-vin-video/

http://www.amphibians.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/kihansi-spray-toad-re-introduction-guidelines.pdf

http://extinctanimals.proboards.com/thread/14007/kihansi-spray-toad