Titanohierax gloveralleni Wetmore, 1937
Bahaman titan hawk
Taxonomy & Nomenclature
Conservation Status
Extinct
Last record: Late Pleistocene (Steadman & Franklin, 2020:Table 3)
Distribution & Habitat
Little Exuma, Long Island & New Providence, Bahamas, West Indies
Biology & Ecology
Hypodigm
Holotype: MCZ 2257 (tarsometatarsus lacking proximal end)
Other material:
MCZ 2258 (proximal end of carpometacarpus)
UF 25640 (nearly complete ulna)
UF 25641 (shaft of ulna)
Media
References
Original scientific description:
Wetmore, Alexander. (1937). Bird Remains from Cave Deposits on Great Exuma Island in the Bahamas. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 80(12): 427-441.
Other references:
Faurby, Søren, Matthews, Tom J., Triantis, Kostas A. and Sayol, Ferran. (2026). Quantifying the unrecorded loss of avian phylogenetic diversity. Ecography 2026: e08267. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecog.08267
Matthews, Thomas J., Triantis, Kostas A., Wayman, Joseph P., Martin, Thomas E., Hume, Julian P., Cardoso, Pedro, Faurby, Søren, Mendenhall, Chase D., Dufour, Paul, Rigal, François, Cooke, Rob, Whittaker, Robert J., Pigot, Alex L., Thébaud, Christophe, Jørgensen, Maria Wagner, Benavides, Eva, Soares, Filipa C., Ulrich, Werner, Kubota, Yasuhiro, Sadler, Jon P., Tobias, Joseph A. and Sayol, Ferran. (2024). The global loss of avian functional and phylogenetic diversity from anthropogenic extinctions. Science 386(6717): 55-60. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adk7898 [Supplementary Materials; Dryad dataset; Zenodo codeset]
Matthews, Thomas J., Wayman, Joseph P., Cardoso, Pedro, Sayol, Ferran, Hume, Julian P., Ulrich, Werner, Tobias, Joseph A., Soares, Filipa C., Thébaud, Christophe, Martin, Thomas E. and Triantis, Kostas A. (2022). Threatened and extinct island endemic birds of the world: Distribution, threats and functional diversity. Journal of Biogeography 49(11): 1920-1940. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.14474 [Appendix S1 (.docx); Appendix S2 (.pdf)]
Morgan GS (1994) Late Quaternary fossil vertebrates from the Cayman Islands. In Brunt MA and Davies JE, eds, The Cayman Islands: N atural History and Biogeography, pp. 465–508. Kluwer, Dordrecht.
Olson, Storrs L. and Hilgartner, William B. (1982). Fossil and Subfossil Birds from the Bahamas. pp. 22-56. In: Olson, Storrs L. (ed). Fossil vertebrates from the Bahamas. Smithsonian Contributions to Palaeobiology, No. 48: 1-68.
Sayol, Ferran, Steinbauer, Manuel J., Blackburn, Tim M., Antonelli, Alexandre and Faurby, Søren. (2020). Anthropogenic extinctions conceal widespread evolution of flightlessness in birds. Science Advances 6(49): eabb6095. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb6095 [Supplementary Material (Data File S1)]
Steadman, David W. and Franklin, Janet. (2020). Bird populations and species lost to Late Quaternary environmental change and human impact in the Bahamas. PNAS. doi/10.1073/pnas.2013368117 [Supplementary Information]
Tyrberg, Tommy. (2009). Holocene avian extinctions, pp. 63-106. In: Turvey, Samuel T. (ed.). Holocene Extinctions. Oxford, UK & New York, USA: Oxford University Press. xii + 352 pp.